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gene expression heatmap analysis  (Human Protein Atlas)
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Human Protein Atlas gene expression heatmap analysis
Characterization of cHep. A. Direct differentiation of cryopreserved pre-cHep using a protocol equivalent to 3D PHH spheroid formation. B. Representative images of 3D PHH and cHep. C. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot including cHep generated from day 30 (D30) J03, J06, and J13 L4 pre-cHep, 3D PHH, and published hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). D. <t>Heatmap</t> showing expression of 264 liver-enriched genes. E–H. Distance-based similarity scores based on gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism (E), amino acid biosynthesis (F), bile acid biosynthesis (G), and the urea cycle (H). I. Immunofluorescence staining for albumin, HNF4α, CYP2E1, and ASGR1. J. Cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF) staining.
Gene Expression Heatmap Analysis, supplied by Human Protein Atlas, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/gene expression heatmap analysis/product/Human Protein Atlas
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gene expression heatmap analysis - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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heatmap analysis  (Galectin Therapeutics)
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Galectin Therapeutics heatmap analysis
Characterization of cHep. A. Direct differentiation of cryopreserved pre-cHep using a protocol equivalent to 3D PHH spheroid formation. B. Representative images of 3D PHH and cHep. C. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot including cHep generated from day 30 (D30) J03, J06, and J13 L4 pre-cHep, 3D PHH, and published hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). D. <t>Heatmap</t> showing expression of 264 liver-enriched genes. E–H. Distance-based similarity scores based on gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism (E), amino acid biosynthesis (F), bile acid biosynthesis (G), and the urea cycle (H). I. Immunofluorescence staining for albumin, HNF4α, CYP2E1, and ASGR1. J. Cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF) staining.
Heatmap Analysis, supplied by Galectin Therapeutics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/heatmap analysis/product/Galectin Therapeutics
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heatmap analysis - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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correlation analysis, heatmap plotting, and volcano plot analysis  (BioCloud Inc)
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BioCloud Inc correlation analysis, heatmap plotting, and volcano plot analysis
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Correlation Analysis, Heatmap Plotting, And Volcano Plot Analysis, supplied by BioCloud Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/correlation analysis, heatmap plotting, and volcano plot analysis/product/BioCloud Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
correlation analysis, heatmap plotting, and volcano plot analysis - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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heatmap analysis of the difference in species of the gut microbiota  (MetaStat Inc)
90
MetaStat Inc heatmap analysis of the difference in species of the gut microbiota
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Heatmap Analysis Of The Difference In Species Of The Gut Microbiota, supplied by MetaStat Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/heatmap analysis of the difference in species of the gut microbiota/product/MetaStat Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
heatmap analysis of the difference in species of the gut microbiota - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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morpheus heatmap and cluster analysis program  (Broad Institute Inc)
90
Broad Institute Inc morpheus heatmap and cluster analysis program
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Morpheus Heatmap And Cluster Analysis Program, supplied by Broad Institute Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/morpheus heatmap and cluster analysis program/product/Broad Institute Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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correlation analysis with heatmap visualisation  (Minitab Inc)
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Minitab Inc correlation analysis with heatmap visualisation
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Correlation Analysis With Heatmap Visualisation, supplied by Minitab Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/correlation analysis with heatmap visualisation/product/Minitab Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
correlation analysis with heatmap visualisation - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap  (SAS institute)
90
SAS institute hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Heatmap, supplied by SAS institute, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap/product/SAS institute
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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boxplots and heatmap for aqua peptides analysis  (GraphPad Software Inc)
90
GraphPad Software Inc boxplots and heatmap for aqua peptides analysis
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Boxplots And Heatmap For Aqua Peptides Analysis, supplied by GraphPad Software Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/boxplots and heatmap for aqua peptides analysis/product/GraphPad Software Inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
boxplots and heatmap for aqua peptides analysis - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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multivariate statistical analysis (pca, cluster analysis, heatmaps plotting, correlation analysis)  (RStudio)
90
RStudio multivariate statistical analysis (pca, cluster analysis, heatmaps plotting, correlation analysis)
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis (Pca, Cluster Analysis, Heatmaps Plotting, Correlation Analysis), supplied by RStudio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/multivariate statistical analysis (pca, cluster analysis, heatmaps plotting, correlation analysis)/product/RStudio
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
multivariate statistical analysis (pca, cluster analysis, heatmaps plotting, correlation analysis) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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heatmaps for clustering analysis  (RStudio)
90
RStudio heatmaps for clustering analysis
a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) <t>heatmap</t> of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Heatmaps For Clustering Analysis, supplied by RStudio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Characterization of cHep. A. Direct differentiation of cryopreserved pre-cHep using a protocol equivalent to 3D PHH spheroid formation. B. Representative images of 3D PHH and cHep. C. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot including cHep generated from day 30 (D30) J03, J06, and J13 L4 pre-cHep, 3D PHH, and published hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). D. Heatmap showing expression of 264 liver-enriched genes. E–H. Distance-based similarity scores based on gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism (E), amino acid biosynthesis (F), bile acid biosynthesis (G), and the urea cycle (H). I. Immunofluorescence staining for albumin, HNF4α, CYP2E1, and ASGR1. J. Cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF) staining.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Precursor of chemically expanded hepatocytes (pre-cHep) with 1-million-fold expansion potential and liver repopulation capacity

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.15.725446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of cHep. A. Direct differentiation of cryopreserved pre-cHep using a protocol equivalent to 3D PHH spheroid formation. B. Representative images of 3D PHH and cHep. C. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot including cHep generated from day 30 (D30) J03, J06, and J13 L4 pre-cHep, 3D PHH, and published hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). D. Heatmap showing expression of 264 liver-enriched genes. E–H. Distance-based similarity scores based on gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism (E), amino acid biosynthesis (F), bile acid biosynthesis (G), and the urea cycle (H). I. Immunofluorescence staining for albumin, HNF4α, CYP2E1, and ASGR1. J. Cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF) staining.

Article Snippet: Hierarchical clustering and gene expression heatmap analysis of 264 liver-enriched genes from Human Protein Atlas (gene list in Supplementary Table S3) also showed that D30 cHep clustered closely with 3D PHH, although expression of some genes remained lower than in uncultured PHH and liver samples ( ).

Techniques: Generated, Expressing, Gene Expression, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Gene expression analysis of HLC. Distance-based similarity score and gene expression heatmap with KEGG gene sets: Fatty acid metabolism (A, D), Retinol metabolism (B, E) and Complement coagulation cascade (C, F).

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Precursor of chemically expanded hepatocytes (pre-cHep) with 1-million-fold expansion potential and liver repopulation capacity

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.15.725446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression analysis of HLC. Distance-based similarity score and gene expression heatmap with KEGG gene sets: Fatty acid metabolism (A, D), Retinol metabolism (B, E) and Complement coagulation cascade (C, F).

Article Snippet: Hierarchical clustering and gene expression heatmap analysis of 264 liver-enriched genes from Human Protein Atlas (gene list in Supplementary Table S3) also showed that D30 cHep clustered closely with 3D PHH, although expression of some genes remained lower than in uncultured PHH and liver samples ( ).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Coagulation

a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) heatmap of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Natural variation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoding gene Chalk9 regulates grain chalkiness in rice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61683-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) heatmap of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Correlation analysis, heatmap plotting, and volcano plot analysis were performed using BMKCloud ( www.biocloud.net ).

Techniques: GWAS, Transformation Assay, Genome Wide, Expressing, Labeling, Comparison, Two Tailed Test